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转:http 1.1 and 1.0

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HTTP1.1和HTTP1.0的区别

 

 


翻了下HTTP1.1的协议标准RFC2616,下面是看到的一些它跟HTTP1.0的差别。

 

Persistent Connection(持久连接)

 

在HTTP1.0中,每对Request/Response都使用一个新的连接。

 

HTTP 1.1则支持Persistent Connection, 并且默认使用persistent connection.

 

 

Host 域

 

HTTP1.1在Request消息头里头多了一个Host域,比如:

 

       GET /pub/WWW/TheProject.html HTTP/1.1

       Host: www.w3.org

 

   HTTP1.0则没有这个域。

   可能HTTP1.0的时候认为,建立TCP连接的时候已经指定了IP地址,这个IP地址上只有一个host。

 

date/time stamp (日期时间戳)

 

(接收方向)

无论是HTTP1.0还是HTTP1.1,都要能解析下面三种date/time stamp:

 

      Sun, 06 Nov 1994 08:49:37 GMT  ; RFC 822, updated by RFC 1123

      Sunday, 06-Nov-94 08:49:37 GMT ; RFC 850, obsoleted by RFC 1036

      Sun Nov  6 08:49:37 1994       ; ANSI C's asctime() format

 

(发送方向)
    HTTP1.0要求不能生成第三种asctime格式的date/time stamp;

    HTTP1.1则要求只生成RFC 1123(第一种)格式的date/time stamp。

 

 

 

Transfer Codings

 

HTTP1.1支持chunked transfer,所以可以有Transfer-Encoding头部域:

Transfer-Encoding: chunked

 

   HTTP1.0则没有。

 

 

Quality Values

 

HTTP1.1多了个qvalue域:

 

       qvalue         = ( "0" [ "." 0*3DIGIT ] )

                      | ( "1" [ "." 0*3("0") ] )

 

 

Entity Tags

  

用于Cache。

 

 

Range 和 Content-Range

 

HTTP1.1支持传送内容的一部分。比方说,当客户端已经有内容的一部分,为了节省带宽,可以只向服务器请求一部分。

 

 

100 (Continue) Status

 

100 (Continue) 状态代码的使用,允许客户端在发request消息body之前先用request header试探一下server,看server要不要接收request body,再决定要不要发request body。

客户端在Request头部中包含

Expect: 100-continue

Server看到之后呢如果回100 (Continue) 这个状态代码,客户端就继续发request body。

 

这个是HTTP1.1才有的。

 

 

Request method

 

HTTP1.1增加了OPTIONS, PUT, DELETE, TRACE, CONNECT这些Request方法.

 

       Method         = "OPTIONS"                ; Section 9.2

                      | "GET"                    ; Section 9.3

                      | "HEAD"                   ; Section 9.4

                      | "POST"                   ; Section 9.5

                      | "PUT"                    ; Section 9.6

                      | "DELETE"                 ; Section 9.7

                      | "TRACE"                  ; Section 9.8

                      | "CONNECT"                ; Section 9.9

                      | extension-method

       extension-method = token

 

 

Status code

 

  HTTP1.1 增加的新的status code:

 

(HTTP1.0没有定义任何具体的1xx status code, HTTP1.1有2个)

100 Continue

101 Switching Protocols

 

203 Non-Authoritative Information

205 Reset Content

206 Partial Content

 

302 Found (在HTTP1.0中有个 302 Moved Temporarily)

303 See Other

305 Use Proxy

307 Temporary Redirect

 

405 Method Not Allowed

406 Not Acceptable

407 Proxy Authentication Required

408 Request Timeout

409 Conflict

410 Gone

411 Length Required

412 Precondition Failed

413 Request Entity Too Large

414 Request-URI Too Long

415 Unsupported Media Type

416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable

417 Expectation Failed

 

504 Gateway Timeout

505 HTTP Version Not Supported

 

 

 

Content Negotiation

 

    HTTP1.1增加了Content Negotiation,分为Server-driven Negotiation,Agent-driven Negotiation和Transparent Negotiation三种。

 

 

Cache (缓存)

 

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